Considering the importance of solidarity as a theoretical and political structure and its connection with social harmony, acceptability and political legitimacy, the present research has conceptualized and formulated the problem of solidarity in the context of Iran's multi-ethnic SOCIETY through the mediation of existing studies. . In the current research, the hybrid method has been used. The sample and statistical population of the research includes selected qualitative studies that have investigated the issue of solidarity and its dimensions in Iran from different aspects and perspectives in the period from 1372 to 1398. After searching in different databases, 500 related articles, books and research reports were identified and finally 54 sources were selected to perform the meta-combination method. Based on the synthesis of studies, solidarity in the multi-ethnic SOCIETY of Iran has found a problematic situation. The results of the research confirm that the coordinates of solidarity in Iranian SOCIETY are based on structural contexts and conditions. The main field in which the issue of solidarity in Iran should be established is the acceptance of a reality called "reliability and stability of cultural diversity". Based on the meta-combination of studies, the coordinates of solidarity in Iran's multi-ethnic SOCIETY, due to "intercultural affinities", "disruption and non-inclusion in ethnic policies", "instability and imbalance of development", "inefficiency of ethnic political management" and "identification disorder". In the meantime, "cultural globalization", "taking role models from ethnic elites", "geopolitics of ethnic areas and transnational interventions" and "ethnic extension" are considered as intervening conditions. Despite the fact that ethnic and religious diversity is recognized as a central sign in the constitution, with this definition, political agents have sometimes resorted to strategies that social suffering and extroversion has formed in ethnic communities.

Background and objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as infections occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation or within one year if an implant is left in place after the procedure. Antibiotic prophylaxis formed as part of surgical care to reduce SSI. Antibiotic prescription pattern for SSI prophylaxis and it's concordance with AMERICAN SOCIETY of Health-System Pharmacists(ASHP) guideline were evaluated throughout this study. Materials and method: This study was conducted in Imam Khomeini hospital, cancer institute. Patients with cancer who underwent abdominal surgery were included in this study. The information about type of antibiotic used for prophylaxis, dose, initiation time, and duration were collected during study. Compliance was assessed with the ASHP guideline for every aspect of antibiotic prophylaxis. SSI was assessed during 30 days after surgery. Results: All the patents needed antibiotic prophylaxis among them, only 103 patients received it. Antibiotic choice, dose and initiation time of prophylaxis were concordant with ASHP guideline in 36. 3%, 1. 6% and 60. 5%, respectively. Unlike the ASHP, the duration of prophylaxis was more than 24 hours in all patients. Finally, 32 patients experienced SSI during 30 days after surgical procedure. Conclusion: This study showed poor adherence to guideline in various aspects such as type, dose and duration of antibiotics for SSI prophylaxis. It is essential to implement interventions to improve the rational use of antibiotics in this setting.

Background & Aims: Post operative pain is cause of suffering in most patients and can cause a lot of problems. Analgesic effects of many narcotics have been widely studied. In this study, the effects of methadone and morphine on postoperative pain scale following thoracic surgery in opium addict patients were assessed.Methods: In this clinical trial and double blind study, sixty opium addict patients (ASA I, II), aged 20-65 yr, were randomly allocated into two groups. Thirty minutes before induction of general anesthesia the first group received 0.1 mg/kg methadone and the second group received 0.1 mg/kg morphine. The two groups were assessed and compared in regard to the intensity of pain and meperidine requirement in the first post operative 24 hr.Results: Intensity of post operative pain and meperidine requirement in the methadone group were significantly lower than those in the morphine group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Administration of 0.1mg/kg methadone as premedication for opium addict patients reduces the post operative pain more than morphine. Therefore, premedication with methadone for opium addict patients undergoing thoracic surgery is recommended.

Resistance is one of the fundamental Quranic values in the cause of the development of the Islamic SOCIETY and the formation of the Islamic civilization, which means standing and resisting against something has upset the balance in internal and external dimensions. The formation of this value in the SOCIETY as one of the methods of the conventional model of human life in the fields of human life; So that its manifestation can be observed in the totality of social behaviors, it is called the culture of resistance (Problem statement). The purpose of this article is the achievement of the engineering process of this value in a SOCIETY based on the growth-oriented thought (ideological) system of the Holy Quran (Purpose). Now the question is what process does the Holy Quran propose in order to engineer the culture of resistance in the SOCIETY? (Question). The necessity of examining this issue is clear considering the emphasis of religious teachings on this value and the need for Islamic societies, especially considering the current conditions of Islam and the need for convergence and coordination between the resistance front (Necessity). The research method in stating the engineering process and its components is qualitative content analysis with an analogy approach (Method). The findings of the research show that the engineering process of resistance culture is based on a self-awareness and purposefulness, according to the idea of Quranic growth, in a three-stage process that leads to the happiness of man and human SOCIETY (Conclusion).